Small Scale Honey Bees Farming Frequently Asked Questions

Here are 15 frequently asked questions about small scale honey bees farming:

Where can I get bees for my hive?

You can purchase bees as packages, nucleus colonies (nucs), or catch a wild swarm. Nucs are often best for beginners.

When is the best time to start beekeeping?

Spring is ideal, as it allows bees time to build up strength and store honey before winter.

Do I need a permit or license to keep bees?

Regulations vary by location. Some cities or counties require registration or permits—check with your local agricultural extension office.

Are bees dangerous? Can I get stung?

Yes, bees can sting, but they are generally non-aggressive unless provoked. Wearing protective gear and moving calmly reduces the risk.

How do I prevent my bees from swarming?

Regular hive inspections, providing enough space (adding supers), and splitting hives before swarm season can help prevent swarming.

What do bees eat? Do I need to feed them?

Bees primarily eat nectar and pollen from flowers. In early spring or late fall, you may need to feed them sugar syrup or pollen substitute.

How often should I inspect my hives?

Inspect every 7–10 days during active seasons (spring/summer) to monitor for disease, queen health, and space needs.

How much honey can I expect from one hive?

A healthy hive can produce 30–60 pounds (14–27 kg) of honey per year, depending on location, weather, and hive strength.

When and how should I harvest honey?

Harvest in late summer after the main nectar flow. Use a bee escape or fume board to clear bees from honey supers, then extract using a honey spinner.

How do I store honey after harvesting?

Store honey in clean, airtight glass or food-grade plastic containers in a cool, dry place. It doesn’t require refrigeration.

What are common bee diseases and pests?

Major threats include Varroa mites, American foulbrood, Nosema, and small hive beetles. Regular monitoring and treatment are essential.

How do I treat Varroa mites?

Use integrated pest management (IPM): monitor mite levels, apply organic treatments (e.g., oxalic acid, formic acid), or use screened bottom boards.

Do I need to care for bees in winter?

Yes. Ensure hives are well-insulated, have adequate food stores (honey or syrup), and are protected from wind and moisture.

Can I keep bees in an urban area?

Yes, urban beekeeping is possible and often successful due to diverse forage. Check local laws and consider neighbor relations.

How can I sell my honey legally?

Regulations vary by country/state. Typically, you’ll need to label honey properly, meet food safety standards, and possibly register as a food producer.

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